Power intensifier



oct 30 1951 E. A. RocKwELL POWER INTENSIFIER Filed March 30, 1944 Patented Oct. 30, 1951 orifice ,A

`2,573,277 PoWsarN'rENsIFIER EmmaV A. Rockwell, cleveland, ohio Application March 30, 1944, Serial No. 528,803

My invention relates particularly to a power intensifier mechanism designed v.for usef inany pressure line in which itl is designed to increaseA the pressure of the uid in said line bythe app-li'- cation; of a source of high pressure thereto, although myinvention is capable of application especially for the operation of brakes on automotive vehicles, such as automobiles, airplanes, etc.

The object of my invention is to provide a powermechanism with which the pressures in any pressure fluid line may be increased by the application of another high pressure thereto. A further object is to provide a mechanism of this character in which hydraulic pressures may be increased by applyingthereto a source of a high pressure which may be, kfor-example, compressed air or a hydraulic liquid. A further object is to arrange'the parts of such mechanism so as toh be capable of manual adjustment. Another object is to provide Athe same with a hydraulic valve located within a plunger which is adapted vto produce the higher pressure by means, of actua. tion from thevv pressure iiuid operated piston. Further objects of my invention will appear from the detailed description of the same hereinafter. While my invention is capable of embodiment in many different forms, for the purpose of illustration I have shown only one forni thereof in the accompanying drawing in which: Fig. 1 is a longitudinal'section of a booster valve made inaccordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same taken on line 2-2 0f Fig. 1; f

Fig. 3 is a vertical section of thesame taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the same takenon line 4-4 'of Fig. 1.

As shown in the drawing,`I have providedv a hydraulic intensifier mechanism I which may be mounted in any desired positionon an apparatus, such, for instance, as a wheel brakev motormech-A anism Ia, in which a further pressure isto be increased by the operation thereof. For this purpose, for'example, there may beprovided a flexible inlet pipe 2 carrying a fluid pressure medium, as for example a hydraulic liquid ref ceived,` for instance, from a master. cylinder 2a, the pressure of which is to be increased. by the booster mechanism I so as to beldeliveredthere, from by a; flexible outlet pipe 3. Accordingly, the high pressure liquid islreceived from the pipe 2 in an inlet 4 located in a screw-plug 5 which is screw-threaded into a cap E screw-threaded on to acvalve casing 1. Within the cap 6 .there isa 1,6 (fJlaimsLl (Cl. Gil-54.6)

, 2 l baffle.. plate 8 having notches 9, around themargin thereof, said baiel SUbeing-located in a recess II) between-thescrewfplug andthe cap-Ii.v

Belowthe recess I0 there is a further annularv recess II which receives a hollow inlet plunger I2 having at its right hand end a valve head I3 provided with a tapering valve seat I4 adjacent to arecess I5 forming a liquid compensation valveallowing the liquid. to pass through the valve I3, I4 in either direction when open. Oppo-.l site the saidrecess |5there is a valve sleeveI having an annular seal I'I..` The said sleevev I6 has longitudinal slots I8 at its rearend and at its forwardend isadapted to contact with anv annulek lar stop I9 Where its--endcooperates withy a split ring stop -20 located in a recess in thev hollow plunger I2.V The.- said slots I8 are adapted to convey the liquid initially from the opening 4 through the recess I0, recess I5y and slots I8, to an annular chamber 2| around the valve. plunger. I2 and thence toa port.23 to an outlet opening 24 which leads to the pipe 3 andthencel to the. brakes or any other part tobemoved.

Furthermore,` thervsyaid outlet opening 2.4 has anangular passageway25 in a plunger casing. fastened to the valve casing 1 by screws 2l. The

said passageway25 Aleads to a'cylindricalchamber plunger I2 has asplit ring/H34 located ina recess in the plunger I2 tocact-as a limitingstopfin the movement cfa circular plateSS having a flat central projection SI5Y thereon to yact as avalve seatin cooperation with a tubular valve Q'Icar ried in the plunger 29.: The tubular vaivek 3 I has a longitudinal *passagewayl 38 anglY extends for,-y wardly throuehauermular seal,- 38 in the plunger 29 so as to provide atits forwardend'anarrow flat valve surface 4|) which is adjacent to abevf eled surface 4I. Y. The. said-.valve surface Mig-in cooperation with the flat valve surface (35,.forms a Valve whichis normally pressed open' by a spring 42 located between the plunger 29' and the platev 35. The said'valve is seatedby the'kmoveg ment of the valve plunger I2 through the action of a plate 43`having a central cylindrical recess' 44 3 to receive a ball 45 which is supported in a recess 46 in the projection 3B. The ball 45 spaces the plates 43 and 35 slightly apart so as to enable the valve seat 36 to become accurately accommodated to the valve surface 4l) on the tubular valve 31.

The rear end of the plunger 29 passes through an annular seal 41 in the plunger casing 26 and has an inwardly directed annular projection 48 which cooperates with an annular projection 49 on the outside of the tubular valve 31, thus forming a chamber 50, at the forward end of which the tubular valve 31 has a shoulder 5I which balances any fluid pressures against the forward side of the annular projection 49. Furthermore, the said annular projection 48 on the plunger 29 carries within the same a plurality of radial ports 52 communicating with an annular recess 53 in the inside of the plunger casing 25. This recess 53 in turn communicates with a port` 54 which leads to an inlet opening 55 connected by a pipe B to any desired source of fluid pressure, as for example compressed air, hydraulic pressure iiuid, etc. The said passageways 52 communicate at their inner ends with a recess 51 on the outside of the tubular valve 31, adjacent to which there is a tapered valve surface 58, on the rear end of the tubular valve 31, which cooperates with a valve seat 59 located on the plunger 29. The tapered valve surface 58 is located on an annular projection B0 on the tubular valve 31 so as to act as a support for a helical spring BI, the rear end of which is supported against a flange B2 which is screw-threaded so as to be capable of adjustment within a screwthread 63 in the interior of the plunger 29. The ange 62 is carried by an adjustable plunger rod 64 having a sealing ange 55 provided with an annular seal 65, sliding within the plunger 23. A split ring stop 51 is also carried in the plunger 29, a recess therein being provided for this purpose. The spring 6I is located in a chamber 58 which is connected with the chamber 16 by a port 63 in the plunger 29 and which has adjacent to the chamber 19 an annular seal 12 in the casing 26. Within the chamber there is located a piston 13 having an annular seal 14.

This piston 13 rests'against a stop 15 at one side thereof and is provided with an annular seal 16 on the other side thereof cooperating with a r -ring 11 screw-threaded on the outside of the plunger 29. Screw-threaded on the outside of the enlargement 1I there is a spring housing 18 containing a spring 19, one end of which is supported on the spring housing 18 and the other end of which forces the piston 13 normally to the right. In the rear of the spring housing 18 there is a circular opening 80 which receives a rotatable thumb screw BI having a square opening 82 through the same to receive a square end 83 of the rod B4. By turning the thumb screw 8l the position of the screw-threaded ange 82 can be altered to adjust the compression of the spring 6I.Y An outlet opening 84, for compressed air, etc., is located in the plunger casing 2B which communicates with an annular `groove 85 leading to a series of ports 8B. These ports 86 communicate with an annular chamber 81 which in turn communicate with the slots formed by the ple, a hydraulic liquid under manual or any other pressure is supplied through the inlet pipe 2 the hydraulic liquid passes into the opening 4 around the edge of the baiile plate II and around the edge of the valve I4 through the chamber I5, the slots I8, into the chamber 2l, through the port 21 and outlet 24 to the pipe 3, lling the passageway 25 and the chamber 28. When pressure is applied to the liquid in the pipe 2 this pressure substantially immediately closes the valve I4 by moving it against the valve sleeve I6 so as to close said valve I4 and move the valve plunger I2 rearwardly, carrying with it the valve sleeve I5. The valve I4, I5 will remain closed during the operation of the plunger I2 owing to the larger area on the right-hand end of the plunger I2 notwithstanding the intensified pressure in the annular chamber 2l as compared with the pressure at the right-hand end of the valve head I3. This carries the liquid forwardly in the pipe 3, and, simultaneously, this movement of the valve plunger I2 will close the valve 4U, 3B on the tubular valve member 31 and open the valve 58, 59. Prior to the opening of the valve 53, 59 the liquid in the pipe 3 is under manual operation. The opening of the valve 5B, 59 admits the pressure fluid, as for example compressed air from the pipe 5B, to the chamber 68 and thenceV to the chamber 10 which, as a result, moves the piston 13 against the force of the spring 19. This movement carries with it the plunger 29 operating in the chamber 28, said plunger 29 being smaller in diameter than the piston 13 so as to produce an intensification of the pressure in the chamber 28 as compared with the pressure admitted by the pipe 56. This increased pressure is transmitted to the liquid in the chamber 28, which is thence conveyed to the pipe 3'and from there to any desired part of an apparatus designed to be moved, as for example the brake cylinders in automotive vehicles. It will be understood that by adjusting the nut 8l the compression of the spring 6I can be adjusted so as to adjust the point of opening of the valve 58, 59. When any desired given pressure is transmitted by the pipe 55 for the operation of the brakes. etc., and no additional pressure is being applied from the pipe 2, 'the valves 4I, 42 and 58, 59 will assume lapped position and the continued movement of the piston 13 will, accordingly, cease until some further alteration of the pressure in the pipe 2 takes place. Increased pressure from the pipe2 will move the piston 13 towards the left, in Fig. l, and decreased pressure in the pipe 2 will result in moving the piston 13 to the right in said gure. When decreased pressure is received from the pipe 2, this will tend to unseat the valve 4I, 42, thus'releasing some of the air pressure through the discharge pipe 84.

In the off-modulation the valve I4 will be returned to open position by the spring 42, to allow liquid compensation, and the valve 36, 40 will return to open position, allowing the pressure fluid which was received by the pipe 56 to pass out though the discharge or vent pipe B4. Also, the valve 58, 59 will be restored to closed position. The movement of the parts of the booster valve in operation will thus operate by ori-modulation or off-modulation to supply modulated pressure liquid at a much higher pressure from the booster valve than in the case of the liquid received for the latter. In this way modulated pressures in any desired amount can be obtained for the operation of the brakes or any other part to be moved.

While I have described my invention above in detail I lwish it to be understood that many i changes may. `be'made therein' Without` departing from the spiritofthe same.

l claim: v l v 1.- A- fluid pressure apparatus comprising a pressure viluidi-nlet,z av'fluid compensating valve includingV a plunger for-.receiving the fluid from'v said' inlet, a cylinder into one end of` which said plunger ex-tendshaving av communicationadapted to-receive the saiduid from said inlet, a pistonv insa'id cylinder for placing add-itonal p ressure onsaid fluid, an inlet for another fluidunder a.' pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure, a valve means, having an inlet valve and an outlet valve located within said piston, for controlling, the inlet and exhaust of said other fluid bymeans of said valve plunger, and;V a cylinder; into which,` said other uid is admitted: vcontain-.- ing a second piston extending into the other end ofv said rst mentioned cylinder and connected to said first mentioned piston and subjected to the pressure of said other fluid for moving the rst mentioned. piston in said chamber.

2. A fluid pressure apparatus comprising la pressure fluid inlet, a fluid compensating valve including a plunger for receiving the fluid from said inlet, a,cylinder adapted to receive the said fluid,.a piston in said cylinder for placing additional pressure on said fluid, an inlet for another fluid under a pressuregreater than the atmospheric pressure, a valve means, having an inlet Valve and an outlet valvelocated Within said piston, for controlling the inlet and exhaust of said other fluid by means of said valve plunger, a cylinder into which said other fluid is admitted containing a second piston connected to said rst mentioned piston and subjected to the pressure of said other fluid for moving the first mentioned piston in said chamber, and a spring for normally closing said inlet valve having a manual adjusting means for the same.

3. A hydraulic apparatus comprising a hydraulic inlet, a liquid compensating valve including a plunger for receiving the liquid from said inlet, a cylinder adapted to receive the saidhydraulic liquid, a piston in said cylinder for placing additional pressure on saidliquid, an inlet for another uid under a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure, a valve means,l having an inlet valve and an outlet valve located Within said pist0n,for controlling the inlet and exhaust of said other uid by means of said valve plunger, a cylinder into which said other fluid is admitted containing asecondpiston extending into the other end of said rst mentioned cylinder and connected to 'saidfirstmentioned piston and subjected to the pressure of said other fluid for moving the first mentioned piston in said chamber, a spring for normally closing said inlet valve having a manual' adjusting means for the same, a spring! for normally opening' said outlet valve, anda tiltableoutlet valveseat member cooperating with said springV havingxa lball support for th'esame.

4. A hydraulicapparatus comprising ahydraulic-inlet, a liquid compensating/valve including a plunger for receiving theliquid from said inlet, ai cylinder adapted to receive the said hydraulic liquid, a piston in said cylinder for placing additional pressure on said liquid, an inlet for another fluid under a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure, a valve means, having an inlet Valve and an outlet valve located Within said piston, for controlling the inlet and exhaust of said other fluid by means of said valve plunger, a cylinder into which said other fluid is admitted containing. ag second, piston connected toffsaid,

other fluid for moving-thefirst-mentioned Apistonin said chamber, a spring-for normally :closing said inlet valve havinga manual adjusting means for -the same,` a spring for normally opening. said. outlet-valve, a tiltable 'outletvalve seat memberv cooperating with said springhaving alballsup-v port for the same, and a recessed plate forsupe` portingv said ball, carried by said valve plunger.

.5. A hydraulic apparatusI comprising -ahydraulicinlet, a liquid compensating valve-including a plunger` for receiving the liquidffrom said inlet, a cylinder adapted to receivelthe .saidhydraulic liquid,; a piston in said cylinder,y for placing additional: pressure on. s aid liquid, an inletfor another fluid under a pressure greater thanv the atmospheric pressure, avalve means, having., an inlet valve and an outlet valve located within-v said piston, for controlling the inletand exhaust of said other -uid by means of said valve plunger a cylinder into-,which-said other fluidis admitted containing a-second piston connected tosaidrst, mentioned-piston and subjected f toy the pressure of said other fluid for moving the rst mentioned piston in said chamber, a spring for.y normally closing saidinlet valve having-a manual adjust--y ing means for the same, said springbeinglocated Within said second piston, a retracting-Sprinrfor said second piston, and a, housingforsaid Vlast mentioned spring through which the .manual adjusting meansA extends.

6. A hydraulic apparatus comprising a; hydraulic inlet, a liquid compensating valveincluding a plunger for receiving the liquid fromsaid inlet, a cylinder into one end of whichl said plunger extends having acommunication adapt-I ed toA receive the said hydraulic liquid` from said inlet, a piston insaid cylinder for placingadditional pressure on said liquid, an inlet for "another fluid under a pressure` greater than the atmospheric pressure, a valve means, having-,anv inlet valve and an outlet valve llocated within said piston,` for controlling thev inlet and exhaust of said other fluid bymeans of said valve-plunger, and a motor having a movable'member extending into the other end of said first mentioned cylinder and connected to saidy piston so as to abut against said plungerand subjected .to apressure derived from said other iluid for moving the piston insaid chamber. y

7; An apparatus comprising an. inlet for a fluid under pressure, an inlet'for'auid to-.bewplaced underopressure, a powervintensilier having a large piston for receiving` the first mentioned fluid under pressure and a power intensifyingpiston connected .thereto for placingA the second mentioned fluid under-pressure, a, plunger vali/ein said intensifier having inlet and-outlet valve ele; ments for said fluidunder pressure, saidplunger valve `being subject to.v control bythe incoming fluid to be 'placed` underpressure,1 and manual means located outside the-apparatus `for adjusting the openingpoint of said inlet valve:r Y

8. An apparatus comprising an inlet; for a fluid under pressure, an inlet for a fluid tobe placed under pressure, a power intensifier having la large pistonfor receiving the first mentioned fluid under pressure kand a vpovver intensifying piston connected thereto for placing the second mentioned fluid under pressure, a spring supported plunger valve in said intensifier having inlet and outlet valve elements for said fluid under pressure, said plunger valve being subject to control by the incoming iluid to be placed under pressure, and manual means located outside the apparatus for adjusting the tension "of said spring for fthe opening point of said vinlet valve.

v 9. An apparatus comprisingy an inletchamber for uid vunderpres's'ure, an inlet for fluid to be placed under pressure, a power intensifier comprising'r va large piston, having a cylinder, and a smaller piston, having a cylinder, said chamber being located between said cylinder'sfand said cylinders being provided with communications adapted to receive said two luids,'respectively, anda valve plungerin the said power intensifier for "controlling-the entrance and exit of thefrst mentioned fluid. j-

10. An apparatus comprising an inlet chamber for iiuid und'eripressure, an inlet for fluid to be placed under pressure, a power intensier comprising a large piston, having a cylinder, and a lsmaller piston, having al cylinder, said chamber being located between Asaid'cylinders and said cylinders being provided with communications adapted to receive said twofluids, respectively, and a valve plunger in the said power intensifier for controllingthe entrance and exit of the first mentioned uid, said valve plunger having inlet and outlet valve elements and a valve closing member for the outlet valve operated by said second mentioned fluid.

11. An apparatus comprising an inlet chamber for fluid under pressure, an inlet for iluid to be placed under pressure, a powerdntensier comprising a large piston, having a cylinder, and a smaller piston, having a cylinder, said chamber being located between said cylinders and said cylinders being provided with-communications adapted to receive said two fluids, respectively, and afvalve plunger in alignment within the said power intensier for controlling the entrance and exit of the first mentioned fluid.

12. An apparatus comprising an inlet chamber for uid under pressure, an inlet for fluid to be placed under pressure, a power intensier comprising a -large piston, having a cylinder, and a smaller piston, having a cylinder, said chamber being located between said cylinders and said cylinders being provided with communications adapted to receive said two fluids, respectively, and a valve plunger in alignment Within the said intensiiier for controlling the entrance and exit of the first mentioned fluid, said valve plunger having inlet and outlet valve elements and a valve -closing member for the outlet valve operated by said second mentioned fluid.

13. A iluid pressure apparatus comprising an inlet for pressure iluid, a plunger valve having inlet and outlet valve elements for said pressure l fluid, a movable member for cooperating with said plunger toY close the outlet valve and open the inlet valve, uid pressure means for moving said member including an inlet plunger, a cylinder for said plunger, a pressure-increasing plunger and cylinder associated with the plunger valve which is within the pressure-increasing plunger and located in alignment with the inlet plunger, said two cylinders having a` communication between them, and means for applying pressure to the pressure-increasing plunger, located on the other side of the last mentioned cylinder from the location of the inlet cylinder.

14. A hydraulic apparatus comprising an inlet for pressure fluid, a plunger valve having inlet and outlet valve elements for said pressureiluid, a movable member for cooperating with said plunger to close the outlet valve and open the inlet valve, hydraulic means for moving said member including an inlet plunger, a cylinder for said plunger, a pressure-increasing plunger and cylinder associated with the plunger valvey which is within the pressure-increasing plunger and located in alignment with the inlet plunger, said two cylinders having a communicationrbetween them, means for applying pressure tothe pressure-increasing plunger located on the other side of the last mentioned cylinder from'the location of the inlet cylinder, and a liquid compensa-J plunger, said two cylinders having a communi` cation between them, and means for applying pressure to the pressure-increasing plunger, located on the other side of the last mentioned cylinder from the location of the inlet cylinder.

l5. A hydraulic apparatus comprising an inlet for pressure fluid, a plunger valve having inlet and outlet valve elements for said pressure iiui'd, a movable member for cooperating with said plunger to close the'outlet valve and open the inlet valve, hydraulic means for movingr said member including an inlet plunger, a cylinder for said plunger, a pressure-increasing plunger and cylinder in alignment with the plunger valve which is within the pressure-increasing plunger and located in alignment with the inlet plunger, said two cylinders having a communication between them, means for applying pressure to the pressure-increasing plunger, located on the other side of the last mentioned cylinder from the location of the inlet cylinder, and a liquid compensation valve in said communication associated with said inlet. f

EDWARD A. ROCKWELL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent: n

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Datev 2,260,491 Stelzer Oct. 28, 1941 2,265,817` Rockwell Dec. 9,1941 2,275,697 Stelzer Mar. 10, 1942 2,306,346 Rockwell f Dec. 22, 1942 2,322,063 Schnell June 15, 1943 2,399,270 Vickers Apr. 30, 1946 2,440,654 Elliott Apr. 27, 1948 

